Let's look at Rome, one of the greatest powers of the ancient world. In a given region, there is generally a core area, sometimes known as the central business district (CBD) and a hinterland, a German term literally meaning “the land behind” (see Figure 1.5). The Internet in particular has facilitated the rapid diffusion of cultural ideas and values. Why is Pakistan, a predominantly Muslim country, characterized as “South” Asia and not “Southwest” Asia? The population growth begins to slow. With over 29,000 video lessons and study tools, you're guaranteed to find what you need Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Not sure what college you want to attend yet? Similarly, there is much more to geography and geographic inquiry than the study of maps. - Definition & Examples, LSAT Writing Sample: Purpose, Timing & Scoring. Functional regions are sometimes called nodal regions and have a nodal arrangement, with a core and surrounding nodes. So which map projection is best? Relative location refers to the location of a place relative to other places, and we commonly use relative location when giving directions to people. Often, it is helpful to divide GDP by the number of people in a country; this is known as GDP per capita and it roughly equates to average income. St. Patrick's Day in the United States used our national support of immigration to celebrate Irish ethnicity amongst American citizens, as opposed to the purely religious nature of this day in Ireland. Scale can sometimes be a confusing concept for students, so it’s important to remember that it refers to a ratio. All maps have a purpose, whether it’s to guide sailing ships, help students create a more accurate mental map of the world, or tell a story. This decline in death rates occurred as a result of agricultural productivity and improvements in public health. Tech and Engineering - Questions & Answers, Health and Medicine - Questions & Answers. Have you ever eaten deep-dish pizza, opened a fortune cookie, or worn a 'Kiss Me I'm Irish' shirt on St. Patty's Day? Most of Europe as well as China are in stage four. Diffusion refers to the spreading of something from one place to another, and might relate to the physical movement of people or the spread of disease, or the diffusion of ideas, technology, or other intangible phenomena. Lines of longitude, on the other hand, converge at the poles and measure distances east and west of the prime meridian. © copyright 2003-2021 Study.com. As countries industrialize and become more developed, they shift from primarily rural settlements to urban ones. A Hollywood movie might be translated in dozens of different languages and distributed worldwide. These regions are largely vernacular, however. In some countries, the birth rate has fallen below the death rate as families choose to only have 1 child. Why do the people of the country have certain cultural features? Buddhism, by its nature, is compatible with other religions and spiritual cosmologies. Culturally, a shift occurs as industrialized societies no longer value large family sizes. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. In essence, this means that Madagascar’s population is increasing at a rate of 2.671 percent per year. Create an account to start this course today. Much of Earth’s physical landscape, from mountains to volcanoes to earthquakes to valleys, has resulted from the movement of tectonic plates. I already told all my homeschool friends about it. In middle school or high school, your answer might have been something to do with the study of maps, of where things were located in the world. “Large” scale and “small” scale refer to the ratio, not to the size of the landmass on the map. Roman gods behaved more like Etruscan deities, but were really a mixture of several different religions in the northern Mediterranean. {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | Women have increased independence as well as educational and work opportunities, and families may choose to have a small number of children or none at all. Thus, GDP per capita in terms of PPP simply refers to the amount of goods and services produced in a country divided by the number of people in that country and then adjusted for how much goods and services actually cost in that country. The world is increasingly interconnected, a process known as globalization. 32.9 minus 6.19 is 26.71 per 1,000. All countries have some sort of economic system but have different resources, styles of development, and government regulations. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. In an essay of approximately three to four paragraphs, explain the role of religion in cultural syncretism. If you’re going on a walking tour of a historic town, a 1:5,000 scale map is commonly used. 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So how can we compare countries in terms of economic development? Göbekli Tepe, a monument along the lines of Stonehenge situated in the Germuş mountain range of southeastern Turkey, was discovered by a team of American and Turkish surveyors in the 1960s, but their discovery of limestone slabs and flint artifacts wasn't recognized for what it was until 1994, when a German archaeologist named Klaus Schmidt stepped in and realized its significance. Politically, some countries have stable, open governments, while others have long-standing authoritarian regimes. Traditional music, clothing, and food preferences might be replaced by foreign cultural features, which can lead to conflict. imaginable degree, area of No country remains in stage one today. Only 193 states are members of the United Nations. But how does globalization affect local cultures? Today, it is quite easy for a businesswoman in the United States to video chat with her factory manager in a less developed country. For tutoring please call 856.777.0840 I am a recently retired registered nurse who helps nursing students pass their NCLEX. Furthermore, as with world regions, it’s often difficult to make precise boundaries between fields of study. But the geographic study of inequality is more than just asking where inequalities are present, it is also digging deeper and asking why those inequalities exist. Rather, functional regions are united by a particular function, often economic. Explore the anthropological concept of cultural syncretism and test your understanding about various world cultures, the history of human interaction, and basic principles of anthropology. Was Prince William's Wedding Bad for British Schools? Vernacular regions exist at a variety of scales. Just as simple arithmetic operations form the backbone of mathematics as a discipline, these kinds of questions are foundational to geographic study. Africa is the cradle of human civilization. It is perceived to exist as a result of religious and ethnic characteristics, but people wouldn’t necessarily agree on which countries to include. 1 divided by 5,000 is 0.0002, which is a larger number than 1 divided by 50,000,000 (which is 0.00000002). Children are no longer needed to assist with family farms, and urban areas might not have large enough homes for big families. One limitation of GDP is that it only takes into account the goods and services produced domestically. Absolute location might also refer to details like elevation. It takes an English sentence and breaks it into words to determine if it is a phrase or a clause. The responses to global climate change, and the impacts from it, vary by region. Select who you are below, and we'll recommend a plan for you. In developed countries, on the other hand, the total fertility rate may be only 1 or 2 children, which can ultimately lead to population decline. What if a state collaborates so closely with its neighbor that it gives up some of its sovereignty? As regional geographers, we can dig deeper and explore both the physical and human characteristics that make a particular place unique. Many early geographers, like Eratosthenes, were primarily cartographers, referring to people who scientifically study and create maps, and early maps, such as those used in Babylon, Polynesia, and the Arabian Peninsula, were often used for navigation. Why are there regional differences related to economic development within a country? Africa’s Rift Valley was formed by this type of plate movement. Explained another way, “weather” is what you’re wearing today while “climate” is all the clothes in your closet. Convergent plate boundaries occur when two plates slide towards one another. One benefit of geography is that its breadth offers a wide array of phenomena to explore. Once a semester I use Study.com to prepare for all my finals. Subtracting the death rate from the birth rate results in a country’s rate of natural increase (RNI). The sexual division of labour did not allow women to take part in trade or expeditions or become secular officials. GIS essentially uses layers of information and is often used to make decisions in a wide variety of contexts. They use it every day. Be sure to provide examples. Geographers seek to answer both the “where” and the “why.” Simply knowing where a country is located is certainly helpful, but geographers dig deeper: why is it located there? I have been a nurse since 1997. 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A number of factors influence the total fertility rate, but it is generally connected to a country’s overall level of development. There are differences in the way resources are distributed and conserved. The border between Peru and Ecuador, for example, is quite relaxed as international borders go and residents of the countries can move freely across the boundary to the towns on either side (see Figure 1.18). After I review World Regional Geography by Caitlin Finlayson is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. The map projection, color scheme, scale, and labels are all decisions made by the mapmaker. When we describe places, we can discuss their absolute and relative location and their relationship and interaction with other places. Here, deep, under-ocean trenches can form. Climate varies widely across Earth. Since culture is a wide category, this blending can come in the form of religious practices, architecture, philosophy, recreation, and even food. Working Scholars® Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. Syncretism is a combination of separate concepts into one new, unique idea. And while it might simply be interesting to read about distant cultures and appreciate their uniqueness, geographers continue to dig deeper and ask why these differences exist. Often, answering the question of “where” relates to movement across space. Los Angeles, as with all metropolitan areas, functions economically as a single region and is thus considered a functional region. 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Formal regions might also be established by governmental organizations, such as the case with state or provincial boundaries. Every place on Earth has a precise location that can be measured with latitude and longitude. Geographic information science (GIS), sometimes also referred to as geographic information systems,uses computers and satellite imagery to capture, store, manipulate, analyze,manage, and present spatial data. Earth’s climate has gone through significant changes historically, alternating between long periods of warming and cooling. In the Middle Ages, as academic inquiry in Europe declined with the fall of the Roman Empire, Muslim geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi created one of the most advanced maps of pre-modern times, inspiring future geographers from the region. You might use GIS to get navigation directions from one place to another, layering place names, buildings, and roads. Cultural Anthropologist: Job Description & Career Info, British Cultural Studies PhD Program Information, Career Information for a Degree in Cultural Studies, Online PhD in Cultural Studies: Degree Program Overview. In 2014, 54 percent of the world’s population lived in urban areas. Others might exclude Missouri or Oklahoma. Fortune cookies are a syncretization of American love of desserts and Chinese folktales of hiding messages in cakes. I feel prepared to pass all of my classes. Human geography, too, consists of a number of sub-disciplines that often overlap and interact. The hinterland relies on the central city to sell its goods, but similarly the city relies on the hinterland to produce raw materials. Chris has a master's degree in history and teaches at the University of Northern Colorado. A federal state, on the other hand, has numerous regional governments or self-governing states in addition to a national government. substancial - Free ebook download as Text File (.txt), PDF File (.pdf) or read book online for free. When we consider where people live in the world, we tend to cluster in areas that are warm and are near water and avoid places that are cold and dry. Some countries have a very high standard of living and high average incomes, while others have few resources and high levels of poverty. 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