Site: Quadriceps femoris muscle  8. Organize assistance if you think you are likely to need it – having a ‘go’, failing and then deciding you need help causes delay, upsets the patient and may upset the watching client. Rationale: Never pick a rabbit up by the ears! Rationale: To complete this procedure quickly and efficiently you must have your equipment prepared and ready to hand. Grasp high up between the ears, or the cat may be able to turn her head and bite. Rationale: In this position the dog will feel comfortable and will be less likely to wriggle. The rabbit is the third most popular pet in the UK and it is the most difficult to handle correctly. Ask the assistant holding the dog to keep the head pressed down. Action: Make sure that your syringe is already filled and that a suitable-sized needle is attached. Support the hind end with your other hand. Support the hind end with your other hand. 1.5A). Some cats seem to react poorly to almost any type of restraint, including scruffing, which creates a dilemma in the veterinary hospital with regards to the safety of personnel and the ability to perform procedures that are in the patient’s best interests. Rationale: Rabbits have an innate fear of humans whom they perceive as predators. Rationale: Aggressive cats may have to be restrained using such equipment as a crusher cage or a cat bag. Action: Place the cat on the table in lateral recumbency extending its head and hindlegs. NB This position allows examination of most of the body but it is inadvisable to use it to take the rectal temperature as the cat may struggle and injure itself. Rationale: In both sexes the area will protrude when pressure is applied. Action: Place the other arm over the dog’s back with your elbow pointing towards the far side. Rationale: Raising the head to a vertical position causes the lower jaw to relax enabling the mouth to be opened more easily. If the animal is allowed to move it may hurt itself or you. Rationale: A bow allows a quick release if the dog becomes distressed. Administration of medication Find a patch of loose skin. 12. Rationale: Avoid letting the body drop to the table as it may frighten or injure the animal. 2. Rationale: Keeping the rabbit close to your body avoids the risk of it kicking and scratching you. Action: Using your forefinger and middle finger, apply pressure to the vent area just in front of the anus. Action: Roll the dog over until it is lying on its back. Rationale: The head must be held firmly to prevent it moving around, allowing the muzzle to be tied quickly. Rationale: In this position the cat feels secure and comfortable. 1. 1. Stretch the cat on side. Restraining a rabbit (A) Male. Action: Extend the forelegs and hindlegs presenting the ventral abdomen for examination. Rationale: If you wish you may draw back on the syringe before injecting the contents to check that you have not penetrated a small blood capillary. Rationale: The dog may hold the tablet in the side of its mouth and spit it out as soon as you relax your grip. Rationale: Aggressive cats may have to be restrained using such equipment as a crusher cage or a cat bag. Procedure: Restraint for an intravenous injection using the jugular vein. Procedure: Lifting a friendly cat used to being handled – method 2. Action: Lift the cat by the scruff letting the body hang down. Site: Mid abdomen, Procedure: Placing an intraosseus catheter. Figure 1.3 Carrying a cat. 1.6) 1. Restraining a feral cat requires an entirely different approach to the techniques we use for handling even fractious tame cats. 6. Figure 1.4 Restraining a rabbit (A) Male. 1. Rationale: The dog must be carefully observed as pressure over the nose of a brachycephalic breed could lead to respiratory distress. Describe the “stretch” technique for restraining a cat. Rationale: This must be done quickly before the dog begins to struggle and change position. If the animal is allowed to move it may hurt itself or you. Rationale: A bow allows a quick release if the dog becomes distressed. 6. 4. Rationale: Some rabbits may resent being scruffed. 11. Rationale: If the dog feels secure and comfortable it will be less inclined to move or to try and escape. Rationale: Picking a cat up by the scruff mimics the way in which the queen carries her kittens. Rationale: This position restrains the head while encouraging the jaw to relax. Procedure: Administering an intravenous injection. 7. Rationale: The body is supported by the angle of your arm, but the hindlegs are unable to push the cat’s body up in order to make an escape. 1.2) at the level of the radius and tibia. Rationale: This controls the head allowing examination of the body. 4. NB This position uses minimal restraint but will allow you to examine the whole body and take the rectal temperature. A recently trapped and apparently quiet feral in a trap or transfer cage will panic if you attempt to touch them. Action: Pick up the cat and, with the other hand, grasp its hindlegs. Rationale: In this position the rabbit is almost hypnotized and will then be easier to examine. 1. 6. There are commercial muzzles available. 1. It initiates an innate relaxation response which in the wild would enable the queen to move her kittens safely from place to place without the risk of them struggling and escaping. Rationale: This method is used to restrain more aggressive or more difficult dogs so you should be prepared for trouble. 7. Rationale: Kittens and smaller cats may be lifted by the scruff, but heavier cats need added support. Action: Pull the body close to your chest by bringing your forearm up under the abdomen. Examining these cats should not pose too much of a problem, but some, and particularly feral cats, can be very difficult to handle and you must be prepared to exercise varying degrees of restraint depending on the individual. Action: Using a length of cotton tape or bandage, you should tie a loop in it. (B) Female. Cats that are used to being handled respond to minimal restraint, but you should be prepared to use firmer methods on more difficult cats, particularly if you are single-handed. Action: Hold the scruff of the rabbit and support its weight by placing one hand under its hindquarters. (B) A large towel wrapped securely around the rabbit can be very helpful for restraint. Restraint equipment, which can be useful for more aggressive cats, includes crusher cages, cat grabbers and cat bags out of which the head or legs can be extended while the rest of the body is retained inside. This technique could be used for cats. Rationale: The applicator is introduced down the vertical ear canal and squeezed. 6. There are around 50 breeds of domestic rabbit and they vary in size from dwarf breeds weighing around 1 kg to breeds such as the Flemish Giant, which can weigh up to 8 kg. 2. Restraint for Jugular venipunture-place dog on its sternum ... What would you do to restrain a cat for physical examination-let cat sit or stand on table-place one hand directly in front of cat 1. Use your thumb to raise the vein. 6. The rabbit has thinner bones than either the dog or cat and this makes it more prone to fractures of the legs and spine. Procedure: Applying eye medication Rationale: If the dog feels secure it will be less inclined to try and escape. Remember cats have five weapons of offence: one set of teeth and four sets of claws! Avoid holding the head in the area of the ear as this will interfere with the treatment. Action: Place the other hand under the sternum and support the cat. Dogs  Action: After the procedure is completed make sure that, as your assistant relaxes his / her hold, the dog does not rub at its eye with its paws or rub its face on the ground. 1.7) Action: Gently lower the body down to the table. 2. Action: Pick up the cat and, with the other hand, grasp its hindlegs. by Limerick Feral Cats. So, at the very least, before you start anything: Wrap the fingers of the other hand around and through the cat’s hind legs. Action: Close the mouth and hold it closed with one hand. Procedure: Administering a liquid feed or medication 3. Action: Hold the scruff of the cat firmly with your free hand. 3. Action: Gently lower the body down to the table. 6. 4. Action: Hold the scruff of the cat firmly with your free hand. 1.5B). 7. 9. 3. Place small dogs on a table, but dose larger dogs on the floor. They should be carried in a wire cat basket, which allows them to see out whilst providing you with clear visibility to assess their condition. Procedure: To examine the dog on its side or to provide stronger control (Fig. Procedure: To restrain a rabbit  Rationale: A frightened or aggressive cat will warn you by hissing or growling as you approach, while a friendly cat may rub itself against your hand and even purr! 2. Rationale: This position may be more comfortable for you while still retaining control of the dog. Action: Depress the plunger so that the liquid trickles into the back of the mouth. Action: Apply a tape muzzle if appropriate (Fig. 1.2) a tie or even tights) but the material must be strong enough to hold the jaws together. Action: Place the dog in a sitting position on the floor or on an examination table covered in a non-slip mat. Rationale: Any long strip of material can be used (e.g. You might also consider trying cat nip spray. Rationale: If the head is held firmly against your chest, the dog cannot move to bite you. 4. Bending over for long periods may injure your back. Action: If safe, gently stroke the top of the head and run your hand along its back. Figure 1.2 Restraining a dog on its side. Rationale: This procedure is usually quick and painless, but some dogs may object and should be muzzled to prevent injury to you. 5. (This continues from the previous procedure.) As quickly and as firmly as possible, pull the dog’s legs away from you supporting its spine against your chest. 4. Keeping its head in the dark makes the rabbit relax. 5. Action: Place the other hand over the forelegs. Procedure: Restraint for an intravenous injection using the lateral saphenous vein. NB Always remember that the closer you are to the animal the less able it will be to bite you! Action: If necessary repeat with the other eye. Rationale: Rabbits have an innate fear of humans whom they perceive as predators. Rationale: The needle will go through the skin more smoothly if the bevel-side is uppermost. Action: Firmly grasp the scruff of the cat with one hand. 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