Eventually allowing some cases to be over turned, all by the same judge which most claim bribery. [25][26][27], In 1968, Dole defeated former Kansas Governor William H. Avery for the Republican nomination for the United States Senate to succeed retiring Senator Frank Carlson. Dole was readmitted to Walter Reed Army Medical Center in January 2011 and spent about six days there being treated for a fever and a minor infection. Dole won the Republican nomination in 1996 but was defeated by incumbent Democrat Bill Clinton. The company's products are sold in supermarkets, foodservice outlets and convenience stores worldwide. Dole Group of Companies is a unit of ITOCHU Corporation. Clinton framed the narrative against Dole early, painting him as a mere clone of unpopular then-House Speaker Newt Gingrich, warning America that Dole would work in concert with the Republican Congress to slash popular social programs, like Medicare and Social Security, dubbed by Clinton as "Dole-Gingrich". While at KU, Dole was on the basketball team, the track team, and the football team. [94] Dole also served as a director for the Asia Universal Bank, a bank domiciled in Kyrgyzstan during the discredited Kurmanbek Bakiyev presidential regime which was subsequently shut down owing to its involvement in money laundering. [11], Dole joined the United States Army's Enlisted Reserve Corps in 1942 to fight in World War II, becoming a second lieutenant in the Army's 10th Mountain Division. Dole Juice is made in the United States, specifically in Hawaii and California. Sales: $3.4 billion Employees: 50,000 Stock Exchanges: New York Pacific SICs: 0174 Citrus Fruits; 5148 Fresh Fruits and Vegetables; 5149 Groceries & Related Products, Nee; 2033 Canned Fruits & Vegetables . At least eight candidates ran for the nomination. [13] He remained despondent, "not ready to accept the fact that my life would be changed forever". [83], Dole offered the inaugural lecture to dedicate the University of Arkansas Clinton School of Public Service on September 18, 2004. I think theres a lot of parallels between Dole and McConnell, Mr. Gingrich said. Satisfy Your Vegan Pizza Cravings At Marcos Pizza! Dole products are made from premium, farm-fresh fruits and vegetables and provide you with the best nutrition at a reasonable price. Dole Ireland has been granted Gold membership in the Origin Green label by the Irish Food Board. People believed in working with each other, and they kept their word, Senator Patrick J. Leahy, a Vermont Democrat who counted Mr. Dole as a friend, said in an interview on Sunday. August 15, 1996 - Dole accepts the Republican Party nomination. They said I was too serious . I mean, its gotten to the point where its a little ridiculous as far as this senator is concerned.. [62], During the infancy of the Internet, Dole-Kemp was the first presidential campaign to have a website, which was set up by Arizona State college students Rob Kubasko and Vince Salvato, and edged out Clinton-Gore. [123] Holden died on April 22, 2008. Bob Dole was a member of the U.S. House (1961-69) and U.S. Senate (1969-96) from Kansas. The company continued to report healthy profits for the next two decades. That is not to say that Mr. Dole lacked sharp elbows or conservative ideology. ", "Bob Dole Lobbied Trump Team On Outreach To Taiwan", "Bob Dole Worked Behind the Scenes on Trump-Taiwan Call", "Dole Remains a Winner Despite Most-Notable Loss", "Senator and Delegate Back Plan to Reopen Pennsylvania Avenue", "Rudy Giuliani, former Mayor of New York City", "Public Lives: A McGovern Liberal Who's Content to Stick to the Label", "Farm bill has little aid for needy children abroad", "Dole, McGovern school program awarded World Food Prize", "Impeachment: The Senate; If Vote Is Yes, Senators Say, Trial Is Likely", "President Clinton's impeachment trial begins", "Dole, Shalala to investigate Walter Reed problems", "Bush Appoints Dole and Shalala to Head Inquiry on Military Health Care", "Paul Manafort and the Kyrgyz Connection", "Bob Dole blasts Newt Gingrich in letter", "If ties weren't chilly before, Gingrich, Dole put relationship on ice", "Dole Appears, but G.O.P. While only slightly injured in the fall, "the televised image of his painful grimace underscored the age difference between him and Clinton" and proved an ominous sign for Republican hopes of retaking the White House. "Judging by the numbers, some of our accountants really messed up last year; we owe more than $43 million in back taxes . Bob Dole, the former Senate majority . When George Mitchell was leader, hed go down to Doles office two and three times a day and vice versa, Mr. Leahy said. The Senate rejected the treaty by a vote of 6138, less than the 66 required for ratification. When Ronald Reagan was elected president in 1980, Dole held the chairmanship of the Senate Agriculture Committee's Nutrition Subcommittee and the Senate Finance Committee. RUSSELL, Kan. A quarter-century has passed since Bob Dole left the Senate and lost his bid for the presidency. Simply Healthy Vegan is all about making veganism easy and accessible for everyone. The couple was married on December 6, 1975. Dole is one of the worlds largest producers and marketers of fresh fruit and vegetables. They expanded the school lunch program and helped establish the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC), a federal assistance program for low-income pregnant women, breast-feeding women and children under the age of five. For more original Dole recipes, nutritional insights, and other information, visit www.dole.com or follow Dole's Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Pinterest pages. [33] Over time in the Senate, Dole was seen by some as having a moderate voting record. Dole was expected to win the nomination against underdog candidates such as the more conservative Senator Phil Gramm of Texas and more moderate Senator Arlen Specter of Pennsylvania. And the story is a reminder of Bob Doles Washington. Let me be the bridge to a time of tranquility, faith, and confidence in action,"[59] to which incumbent president Bill Clinton responded, "We do not need to build a bridge to the past, we need to build a bridge to the future. [113], While he endorsed Trump in both 2016 and 2020, in an interview with USA Today conducted for his 98th birthday, Dole said he was "Trumped out", and that Trump had lost the 2020 election despite his attempts to overturn the 2020 U.S. presidential election. . In 1911, an engineer named Henry Ginaca invented a machine capable of processing 100 pineapple cylinders per minute. He spent 40 days at Walter Reed Army Medical Center; upon his release, his stronger left arm was of limited use. He subsequently won the seat in the general election. [95], Dole issued a letter critical of Newt Gingrich, focusing on Dole and Gingrich's time working together on Capitol Hill, on January 26, 2012. During his career, Dole helped shape the . [99] Dole began a reunion tour of his home state of Kansas in early 2014, seeking to visit each of the state's 105 counties. Dole became a television commercial spokesman for such products as Viagra, Visa, Dunkin' Donuts, and Pepsi-Cola (with Britney Spears). Doles mission is to provide the world with healthy, safe food. He has worked as Managing Director at Dole Fresh Fruit International, Ltd and General Manger at Dole Germany. [80][81] This internationally popular program would go on to provide more than 22 million meals to children in 41 countries in its first eight years. [20], During his tenure in the House, Dole voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968,[21][22][23][24] as well as the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. He was the driving force behind the World War II Memorial on the National Mall, and could often be found greeting veterans there. These politicians had much worse falls", "Crowley: It's the losing campaigns I remember most", "Presidential Election Exit Poll Results Part 1", "Bob Dole, World War II veteran, senator and presidential nominee, has died at 98", "PERSPECTIVES ON CAMPAIGN '96: Is Dole Too Old to Be President? In November 1996, Dole appeared on Late Show with David Letterman and also made a cameo appearance on Saturday Night Live, parodying himself (shortly after losing the presidential election). Dole had realized a dream he had shared with fruit-loving Americans for decades. Reuters, the news and media division of Thomson Reuters, is the worlds largest multimedia news provider, reaching billions of people worldwide every day. [85], Dole wrote several books, including one on jokes told by the presidents of the United States, in which he ranks the presidents according to their level of humor. But in his hometown on the Kansas Plains, a place Mr. Dole gave . Castle and Cooke purchased the Hawaiian Pineapple Company in 1933. . In his role as Republican leader, he helped defeat Democratic President Bill Clinton's health care plan. Dole had been a star high school athlete in Russell, and Kansas basketball coach Phog Allen traveled to Russell to recruit him to play for the Jayhawks basketball team. [18] He became the County Attorney of Russell County in 1953. Over the next 35 years through eight years in the House, 27 in the Senate and three failed attempts to win the presidency he operated in a city that was conducive to his instincts as a deal maker. So it hasn't been all bad. After Bush ended his campaign following the South Carolina primary, Dole endorsed Florida senator Marco Rubio's campaign. The Republican ticket lost in the general election to Clinton, making Dole the first unsuccessful major party nominee for both president and vice president. Mr. Mitchell, who had not sought re-election, asked that Mr. Dole be alerted that he was coming to his office to congratulate him. Dole spent ten months at Walter Reed Army Medical Center recovering from the surgery and experienced three bouts with pneumonia. Senator and presidential candidate Bob Dole, 98, died on Sunday. Dole is a leader in the global fresh fruit and vegetable industry, and its products are enjoyed by people of all ages. Robert Joseph Dole (July 22, 1923 - December 5, 2021) was an American politician and attorney who represented Kansas in the United States Senate from 1969 to 1996. As a result, the company maintained its position as the largest pineapple and banana market in North America. [137], In 2009, Dole was hospitalized for an elevated heart rate and sore legs for which he underwent a successful skin graft procedure. Im Emily, the girl behind all these deliciously healthy, plant-based recipes. In 1851, Samuel Northrup Castle and Amos Starr Cooke established the company in Hawaii. [103] Dole endorsed Donald Trump after the latter clinched the Republican nomination,[104] while all other then-living Republican presidential nominees, George H. W. Bush, George W. Bush, John McCain, and Mitt Romney refused to do so,[105] and became the lone former nominee to attend the 2016 Republican National Convention. [140] He stayed for 24 hours before returning home. Bob Dole, a Republican Party stalwart and presidential hopeful who espoused a brand of plain-spoken conservatism as one of Washington's most recognizable political figures throughout the latter . In 1976 he was President Gerald Ford's vice presidential choice but that ticket lost to Jimmy Carter and Walter Mondale. And when he finished speaking, we all stood and applauded and applauded., Witty and to the Point, Dole Embodied Shared Values in Washington, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/05/us/politics/bob-dole-senate.html. After large doses of penicillin were not successful, he overcame the infection with the administration of streptomycin, which at the time was still an experimental drug. Dole plc (previously named Dole Food Company and Standard Fruit Company) is an Irish agricultural multinational corporation headquartered in Dublin, Ireland.The company is among the world's largest producers of fruit and vegetables, operating with 38,500 full-time and seasonal employees who supply some 300 products in 75 countries. Bush", "Bob Dole, with help, stands for final salute to George HW Bush at US Capitol", "Bob Dole claims no Republicans on debate commission support Trump", "At 98 and facing cancer, Bob Dole reckons with legacy of Trump and ponders future of GOP", "Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Citizens Medal", "Jefferson Awards FoundationNational Jefferson Awards Foundation", "Bob Dole Honored As 'Hero Of Responsibility And Principle' By NCAGC", "Albanian president honors former U.S. Sen. Bob Dole", "Former Sen. Dole, a decorated WWII veteran, promoted to colonel", "Washington Post profile, Dole's Ex-Wife Still Puzzled by Divorce", "Phyllis Holden Macey Obituary (2008) Topeka Capital-Journal", "Dole Pokes Fun At Bob Dole On TV Comedy Show", "Dole at Forefront of Trade Battle To Aid Donor's Banana Empire", "Mayor Says Yes, We Have No Bananas, Thanks to Mr. Dole", "Bob Dole, longtime GOP senator and 1996 presidential nominee, dies", "Dole Discloses Emergency That Nearly Took His Life", "Bob Dole released from hospital: Reunited with his dogs and ready for a cocktail", "Former U.S. senator Bob Dole says he's been diagnosed with Stage 4 lung cancer", "Bob Dole to lie in state in the Capitol on Thursday", "Bob Dole, Old Soldier and Stalwart of the Senate, Dies at 98", "Presidents Bush, Obama and more remember Bob Dole in emotional tributes", "Biden orders flags be flown at half-staff through Dec. 9 to honor Dole", "Flags to be flown half-staff through Saturday in honor of late Sen. Dole", "Biden and congressional leaders honor the late Sen. Bob Dole at US Capitol", "Bob Dole hailed as war hero and 'Kansas' favorite son' at Washington funeral service", "Bill Clinton, Joe Biden, Tom Hanks attended Bob Dole's funeral. Rejects a Disabilities Treaty", "Touring Kansas, former Sen. Bob Dole to make three stops in KC area", "Pat Roberts unleashes his secret weapon: Bob Dole", "Bob Dole Endorses Marco Rubio in 2016 Race", "Bob Dole Warns of 'Cataclysmic' Losses With Ted Cruz, and Says Donald Trump Would Do Better", "Column: At 92, Bob Dole Still Talks Tough About His Party", "Former Republican presidents will not endorse Trump", "Trump's campaign is a resurrection and second chance for Dole alumni", "Bob Dole donate $20K to cancer camp in central Kansas", "Bob Dole To Receive Congressional Gold Medal", "Bob Dole rises to his feet from wheelchair for National Anthem", "See the moment Bob Dole, 95, rose from his wheelchair to salute George H.W. "He was in a sense Mr. America," the historian Robert Dallek said. Besthda, Maryland - At a meeting to review the company's financial performance, Dole Fruit executives were more than a little concerned about their current situation. "[57], Dole eventually won the nomination, becoming the oldest first-time presidential nominee at the age of 73 years, 1 month (President Ronald Reagan was 73 years, 6 months in 1984, for his second presidential nomination). It takes several months to stop fretting about it and move on. I figured up the other day, if we added up the killed and wounded in Democrat wars in this century, it would be about 1.6million Americans, enough to fill the city of Detroit. * Dole won two Purple Hearts and a Bronze Star in World War Two, and was wounded in Italy shortly before the end of the conflict. The companys management will host a live teleconference and web cast that same day. "[58] Dole was the early front runner for the GOP nomination in the 1996 presidential race. He engaged in a career of writing, consulting, public speaking, and television appearances. [56], Despite the 1994 elections, President Clinton's popularity soared due to a booming economy and public opinion polls supporting him in the 1995 budget shutdown. Dole Packaged Foods introduces DOLE FRUITIFY and DOLE Essentials, two new product lines. Bob Dole, the longtime lawmaker who overcame life-threatening injuries during World War II to become a shepherd of the Republican . Turks accuse Dole (R-Kan.) of being . The farm code tells you which farm produced the fruit you are eating. [110], Dole, at age 95 and in a wheelchair, stood up with the help of an aide at the funeral of George H. W. Bush in the United States Capitol rotunda on December 4, 2018, and saluted to pay his respects to the late president and fellow World War II veteran. [57], In his acceptance speech, Dole stated, "Let me be the bridge to an America that only the unknowing call myth. "[12], Dole was paralyzed from the neck down and transported to a military hospital near Kansas. * After serving in the Kansas legislature, Dole was elected to the U.S House of Representatives in 1960. That's not something Bob Dole has ever done, or that Bob Dole will ever do. As a real estate developer, he is the Chairman, CEO, and owner of Castle. [101], In 2015, Dole endorsed former Florida governor Jeb Bush in his presidential campaign. "I could not see or move my arms. The Hawaiian Pineapple Company packaged and marketed nearly 2,000 cases of canned pineapple during the early 1900s. They had no children. . Democrats took control of the Senate following the 1986 United States Senate elections, and Dole became Senate Minority Leader for the next eight years. [69] During the campaign, Dole's advanced age was brought up, with critics stating that he was too old to be president. [111][112], Dole expressed concern the Commission on Presidential Debates were biased against President Trump and his reelection campaign in a public statement on October 9, 2020, saying how he knew all the Republicans on the commission and feared that "none of them support[ed]" the president. Dole found himself criticized from both the left and the right within the Republican Party over the convention platform, one of the major issues being the inclusion of the Human Life Amendment. Dec. 7, 2021. In Washington, Mr. Dole and his wife, Elizabeth Dole who later became a senator and ran for president herself were seen as a power couple, the embodiment of the citys institutions. "[67] Dole later wrote "I was wrong. "[60], As told in the Doles' joint biography, Unlimited Partners, speechwriter and biographer Kerry Tymchuk wrote "that he was going to make a statement. This was followed by another loss in Illinois, which persuaded Dole to withdraw from the race. The 97-year-old former U.S. Senate majority leader said Thursday in a short statement that he would begin treatment for the disease Monday. WASHINGTON When Bob Dole was the Senate majority leader, in the days when Republicans and Democrats at least tried to work together, he routinely walked across the second floor of the Capitol to meet the minority leader, Tom Daschle, in Mr. Daschles office. On October 11, 1991, the Los Angeles Times published an article by Tom Petruno titled Why Dole Has More Than Just a Bit of Appeal. Cite this work by Frank J. Taylor, Earl M. Welty, and David W. Eyre. When billionaire David Murdock bought the company for a record-breaking $1.3 billion in 2013, he was 98 years old. Dole was appointed chair of the Republican National Committee the next year. Bob Dole, left, in 2009 with Tom Daschle, a former senator from South Dakota. Bob Dole, a World War Two veteran who went on to be a long-time Republican senator and US presidential candidate, has died aged 98. Public Company Incorporated: 1894 as the Castle & Cooke Co., Inc. He hoped to use his long experience in Senate procedures to maximize publicity from his rare positioning as Senate Majority Leader against an incumbent president but was stymied by Senate Democrats. Dole was confronted with a number of challenges during 1998, some of which were caused by unpredictable weather and a highly unstable economy. [129][130] In a 1996 appearance on Saturday Night Live, he jokingly refuted the habit to Norm Macdonald, saying: "That's not something Bob Dole does. Despite their partnership, Mr. Dole could not embrace Mr. Gingrichs bomb-throwing style. [145] President Biden issued an order for flags to be flown at half-staff through December 11, 2021,[146][147] with House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer announcing that Dole would lay in state at the U.S. Capitol on December 9. Bob Dole Says Vote For Bob Dole Website. He died Dec. 5 at age 98. Dole's life stretched from its beginnings in rural Kansas to the Italian battlefields during World War II to Congress. Bob Dole, a Kansas Republican, brought his no-nonsense manner to Washington, cutting deals during a bygone era. He appeared in numerous commercials and television programs and served on various councils. Is Bob Dole Related to the Dole Fruit Company: No, Bob Dole is not related to the Dole Fruit Company. Not only that, Mr. Mitchell and Mr. Dole had dedicated phone lines on their desks that let them communicate directly with the touch of a button, one aide recalled. In football, Dole played at the end position. I thought they were missing." They continued to work together on nutrition issues after they both left the Senate. In late 1995, one of the US's shrewdest political observers, Michael Barone, wrote of Senator Bob Dole that he "towers over . He was the Republican Leader of the Senate during the final 11 years of his tenure, including three non-consecutive years as Senate Majority Leader. [74][75], Dole was head of the Federal City Council, a group of business, civic, education, and other leaders interested in economic development in Washington, D.C., from 1998 to 2002. "The political personalities of 1996 U.S. presidential candidates Bill Clinton and Bob Dole. [134] He then became a paid spokesman for Viagra. Dole plc is a world leader in fresh produce. In the early years, the Hawaiian Pineapple Company was . Bob Ochsner or Gemma Stewart Rocket Launch for Dole 949-233-0984. . * Robert Joseph Dole was born on July 22, 1923, one of four children of a grain elevator . Dole was known for his sarcastic one-liner comments, often directed against himself,[48] and during the vice presidential debate replied to Walter Mondale concerning the issues of Watergate and the Nixon pardon, "It is an appropriate topic, I guess, but it's not a very good issue any more than the war in Vietnam would be or World War II or World War I or the war in Koreaall Democrat wars, all in this century. The Story of James Dole, Aiea, Hawaii: Island Heritage Publishing, 1999, 120 pages, Dole, Richard, and Elizabeth Dole Porteus Dole wants the whole produce aisle, according to Dan Koeppel in Adweeks Marketing Week, which was published on October 22, 1990. In 1942 he was a teammate of the founder and longtime owner of the Tennessee Titans Bud Adams, Adams's only season playing football at Kansas. Dole, who died on Sunday at the age of 98, would live with and be shaped by the aftermath of those injuries in the years that followed, including the 30 he spent as a U.S. senator from Kansas . Dole found the initial draft of the nomination acceptance speech written by Mark Helprin too hardline, so Kerry Tymchuk, who was part of the "'Let Dole be Dole' crowd", revised the speech to cover the themes of honor, decency, and straight talk. Doles products are high in quality, nutritious, tasty, fresh, and packaged food. ", Kari, Hamza. When Mr. Gingrich and House Republicans refused to pass federal spending bills, forcing the government to shut down in 1995, Mr. Dole took to the Senate floor to declare that he had had enough. Now, he was going to go out to run against Bill Clinton. Former Republican Senator and presidential candidate Bob Dole died Sunday morning at 98-years-old, according to a statement released by his family. Dole Fresh Fruit operations expanded their product line in addition to table grapes, strawberries, raisins, cherries, and strawberries by acquiring West Foods, Inc. Dole was recognized globally by the end of the 1980s with a factor of 98 percent. [106] Following Trump's electoral victory, Dole coordinated with the Trump campaign and presidential transition team to set up a series of meetings between Trump's staff and Taiwanese officials as well as assisting in successful efforts to include favorable language towards Taiwan in the 2016 Republican Party platform. In addition to canned pineapple juice, Dole also sells a variety of other fruit juices, including orange juice, grapefruit juice, and mixed fruit juice blends. Dole was, for a short time in 2003, a commentator opposite Bill Clinton on CBS's 60 Minutes. [117], On September 30, 2015, the National Commemoration of the Armenian Genocide Centennial (NCAGC) honored Senator Dole with the organization's Survivor's Gratitude Award in the category of "Hero of Responsibility and Principle" for his tireless efforts in raising attention to the Armenian Genocide and its victims. The Dole Food Company is headquartered in Westlake Village, California and has operations in more than 90 countries. He was masterful at that.. Dole was awarded several honorary degrees. He was the Republican Leader of the Senate during the final 11 years of his tenure, including three non-consecutive years as Senate Majority Leader.Prior to his 27 years in the Senate, he served in the United States House of . As a result, Dole brought out '27 witnesses' to testified that the people who were trying to sue Dole, were frauds. [17] During his term he served on the following committees: Assessment and Taxation, Gas and Oil, and Military Affairs and Soldiers Compensation. [28], While in the Senate, Dole served as chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1971 to 1973, the ranking Republican on the Agriculture Committee from 1975 to 1978, and the chairman of the Finance Committee from 1981 to 1985. [100] Dole endorsed and campaigned for incumbent Kansas Senator Pat Roberts during the latter's 2014 re-election bid. [43] Clinton aide George Stephanopoulos cited the shutdown as having a role in Clinton's successful re-election campaign. In 1963, Dole began selling its first type of fruit juice, pineapple juice, in cans. Dole remained active after retiring from public office. Leader of the Senate Republican Conference, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, federal government shutdown from 1995 to 1996, United States federal government shutdowns of 19951996, 1996 Republican Party presidential primaries, George McGovern-Robert Dole International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Program, late-1998 impeachment of President Clinton, attempts to overturn the 2020 U.S. presidential election, "House Unanimously Passes Bill to Promote Sen. Dole to Army Colonel", "Trump signs bill raising Bob Dole's military rank to colonel", "Q&A with Senator Arlen Specter (Penn Law News & Stories)", "Campaign '96: Russell, Kansas: You Can Go Home Again", "Text H.R.3332 115th Congress (20172018): Bob Dole Congressional Gold Medal Act", "Dole, Robert Joseph | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives", "War Wounds Shape Life, and Politics, for Dole", "Dillard to Dyck, Kansas Legislators Past and Present, State Library of Kansas", "Bob Dole Kansapedia Kansas Historical Society", "Dole resigns from Senate to focus on presidential bid", "Senator Roberts Makes History, Becoming Top Republican on Senate Agriculture Committee | The United States Senate Committee On Agriculture, Nutrition & Forestry", "Bob Dole: Still a Man to be Reckoned With", "Bob Dole elected Senate Republican leader, Nov. 28, 1984", "From soldier to statesman: Bob Dole's life of public service", "Bob Dole honored for work in helping to feed the poor", "A Guide To Understanding The 1977 Food And Agricultural Legislation, by Thomas A. Stucker and WUliam T. Boehm; National Economic Analysis Division; Economics, Statistics, and Cooperatives Service; U.S.Department of Agriculture.

Why Are My Ticketmaster Tickets Not Eligible For Resale, Articles I