What have you learned about the struggle for freedom from reading this speech? TheEight Writing Process Essays(printables and 170 Google slides) each feature an on-demand diagnostic essay assessment, writing prompt with connected reading, brainstorming, graphic organizer, response, revision, and editing activities. 9, how does Douglass come to know the date? In that speech, often considered the greatest of all abolitionist speeches, he excoriated Americas injustices no less vigorously than he ever had, but he took great care to distinguish Americas practice from its first principles and the actions of its subsequent generations from those of its Founders. 4. To remedy the degradation and impoverishment that proceeded from this culture of indolence, Douglass throughout the postwar years insistently extolled the property right and the virtues of free labor that supported it, and he called upon his fellow black Americans in particular to cultivate the self-reliant virtues of industry, productivity, and thrift. In these three stories, as well as in a sizable number of other articles, lectures, and letters, Douglass strongly advocated against slavery. 364365. The standard format for an argumentative essay is as follows: An effective argument contains all of the necessary components (claim, reasons, evidence, counterclaims) while keeping the intended audience in mind. Yet, while Douglass narrative describes in vivid detail his experiences of life as a slave, what Douglass intends for his readers to grasp after reading his narrative is something much more profound. His emphasis on property rights grounded in productive, opportunistic laboring went hand-in-hand with a respect for blacks equal capacity for cultivating and perfecting the self-elevating virtues. [49] Douglass, The Color Question, July 5, 1875, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Additionally, it comes from a credible source: an academic paper from the. Below is an example of an effective claim, supported by reason and on-topic, credible evidence, followed by an effective counterclaim that disagrees with and disproves the claim through its own reasoning, evidence to support the counterclaims, as well as an effective rebuttal to the counterclaim with evidence of its own. II, pp. I was a man now.[9]. Tell why all or part of the opposing point of view may be reasonable, plausible, or valid, but minimize the opposing position. Douglasss escape from slavery and eventual freedom are inseparable from his movingly narrated attainment of literacy. IV, p. 183. -the struggle for freedom changes through history by always separating one race from the other, and calling one superior In the long history of AfricanAmerican political thought, there is no more forceful proponent of the cause of integration than Douglass, and there is no more insightful analyst of the varieties and dangers of national and racial disintegration. The existence of capital punishment deters violent crimes, Bringing up counterclaims provides the author with a sense of, Bringing up counterclaims allows the author to provide a, This above quote is an example of strong evidence because it directly relates to the claim and reasoning, providing factual evidence of the actual cost of capital punishment versus life in prison. how does douglass refute this counterclaim?kids baking championship where are they now marshall park lunenburg ma where is boca grande beach where is boca grande beach His speeches and writings supply a treasure of arguments against the perpetuation of racial injustice and, no less, against the demoralizing critiques of it according to which, absent a utopian transformation of Americas principles, institutions, and culture, white racism and an oppositional identity for blacks must be taken as permanent features of American society. These displays of humanity would naturally arouse the sympathy of non-slaveholders, a few of whom at first, and more with the passage of time, would take up the cause of abolition. According to Douglass, how do laws in the South prove that slaves are human beings? [6] James Madison, Speech of June 6, 1787, in Records of the Federal Convention of 1787, Vol. I was nothing before, he wrote in his autobiography, reflecting on the episode. He claims that African Americans like himself have been denied the freedom that the holiday supports. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Douglass never tired of quoting the lines of Byron to this effect: Who would be free, themselves must strike the blow. To the end, he held strongly to the principle that he stressed in an 1855 editorial: our elevation as a race, is almost wholly dependent upon our own exertions.[55]. [37] Ibid., pp. The first step in her transition from kindness to cruelty is when she is instructed to cease teaching Frederick Douglass to read. A counterclaim is the opposite of the argument, or the opposing argument. V, p. 78. [47] Douglass, Self-Made Men, in Douglass Papers, Vol. As he renewed his labors for justice and progress for the freedpeople, Douglass had to confront a nettlesome question, lingering in the minds even of many anti-slavery whites, that had long obstructed the abolitionist cause. To correct this historical record is at once an intellectual, a civic, and a moral imperative, but to reaffirm the old integrationist faith in Americas principles and institutions, it is necessary (if not sufficient) to recover the Founders actual opinions about slavery and race. If someone conceded a point, did he or she continue to argue against it? Q&A Expert 3 851 answers 4.8 rating He acknowledges that some can debate him Explanation: Quick expert help Get an expert answer for 15 minutes [56] To the Editor of the National Republican, in Life and Writings, Vol. When Douglass remarked on Americas inexpiable debt to those who had been enslaved, he was not demanding an effort to restore, however imperfectly, the actual and potential material wealth that slavery had stolen from its victims. Moreover, the increasing incidence of despairing extremism among many abolitionists during this period was abetted by a series of portentous events. The principles of natural human rights set forth in the Declaration of Independence, Douglass was convinced, represent a permanent, universal truth as well as the most practically powerful moral and political theory ever conceived. Accessed 4 Mar. What I ask for the negro, he explained in 1865, is not benevolence, not pity, not sympathy, but simply justice.[48]. He not only. In assembling together as we have done, our object is not to excite pity for ourselves, but to command respect for our cause, and to obtain justice for our people. Additionally, the conclusion of an argumentative essay should look to the future. Key Arguments in "The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass", There are a number of key arguments in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. A claim tells what you think is true about a topic based on your knowledge and your research. Under its influence, the tender heart became stone, and the lamblike disposition gave way to one of tigerlike fierceness" (page 28). how does douglass refute this counterclaim? This commitment not only appears in the Preamble, but also reflects a bedrock rule of legal interpretationa rule as old as law itself, Douglass observed, and grounded in the very nature of law, according to which a legal instrument must be construed strictly in favor of liberty and justice.[17], In Douglasss argument, these interpretive principles yielded powerfully anti-slavery results. Pick the best evidence to support the opposing point of view. 'Because I said so,' doesn't work, and 'Just because,' doesn't work - until you're a parent. By learning to read and write, Douglass eventually came to the conclusion that he was not living the life he wanted and longed to get away. 556, 569. Are there predictions to be made about future developments of this issue? The Essay Skills Worksheets include 97 worksheets (printables and 97 Google slides) to help teachersdifferentiate writing instructionwith bothremedial and advancedwriting skills. Introduction (1 paragraph that contains the claim), Body Paragraphs (3 paragraphs that contain the reasons, evidence, and counterclaims), Conclusion (sums up the entire argument and provides a look to the future), Describe the four main parts of an argument, Explain why it is important to develop each of these parts in an argument. For example, in Virginia, "there are seventy-two crimeswhich, if committed by a black man, subject him to the punishment of death; while only two of the same crimes will subject a white man to the like punishment". Even Christianity was corrupted by slavery, he points out. An argumentative essay is an essay in which the author makes a claim (argument) and then attempts to persuade their audience to believe their claim through reasons, evidence, and the addressing of counterclaims. The implication was that the agitation that abolitionists had begun could never be finally pacified until slavery was finally abolished. In all such policies, Douglass protested, there is clearly seen the purpose to crush our spirits, to cripple our enterprise and doom us to a condition of destitution and degradation.[44]. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. A rebuttal is when the author disproves an argument. If the author's claim is that organ selling should be legalized, an example of an effective counterclaim would be that organ selling should not be legalized because it can drive up the cost of organ transplants, meaning that only the rich could afford to receive a transplant. The 4 parts of an argumentative essay are the claim, counterclaim, reasoning, and evidence. The counterclaim is the opposite argument which the author addresses in order provide a rebuttal. He then state I would at times feel that learning to read had been a curse rather than a blessing. [8] The reader interested in a fuller account of Douglasss life should begin by reading Douglasss autobiographies: Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (1845); My Bondage and My Freedom (1855); and Life and Times of Frederick Douglass (1881; expanded 1892). Philip S. Foner (New York: International Publishers, 195075), p. 236 (hereinafter Life and Writings). Douglass' primary claim in his narrative is that a nation predicated upon individual freedom cannot allow slavery to exist. She has an M.A. I have no country. He could feel no attachment to America, he explained, for reasons that ran deeper than the countrys unjust practices. She is certified to teach 6-12 grade ELA. The first of those, described above, was the most flagrantly pro-slavery legislation in U.S. history. work!!! Open Document. Douglass wanted to show his opposition to slavery and knew he would meet many criticisms. Use etymological information in a dictionary to verify your choices, -obstacle: prevents progress parentheses that agrees with the subject. Some of the above points adapted from theHarvard Writing Center. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. How does the concept vocabulary sharpen the reader's understanding of He condemned not only Americas Government, but also its Constitution for supporting and perpetuating this monstrous system of injustice and blood.[11]. What [Lincoln] said on this day, Douglass wrote in his final autobiography, showed a deeper moral conviction against slavery than I had ever seen before in anything spoken or written by him.[26]. We must not beg men to do for us what we ought to do for ourselves. The rise of this abolitionist agitation would alarm slaveholders, who would respond by attempting to suppress abolitionist speech and to strengthen and perpetuate their political power by expanding slaverys presence in federal territories, thus preparing the admission of additional slave states. Douglass gives detailed anecdotes of his and others experience with the institution of slavery to reveal the hidden horrors. Accept the criticism of the counterclaim. In an argument, your, 'My cell phone doesn't have Internet access,' would need to be beefed up a little, to, 'My current cell phone doesn't provide Internet access, which is necessary for me to complete all my homework.' Measuring him by the sentiment of his country, a sentiment he was bound as a statesman to consult, he was swift, zealous, radical, and determined. The thesis provides the main argument for the essay as well as an outline for the rest of the essay. Again in contrast to more radical critics in his day and our own, Douglass insisted that these persisting abuses by the class of former slaveholders constituted clear violations, not legitimate applications and not refutations, of the natural right of property. One is that slavery was an institution that corrupted whites and robbed (or attempted to rob) blacks of their humanity. No words, no tears, no prayers, from his gory victim, seemed to move his iron heart from its bloody purpose. In a more formal way, she might say, 'Your current situation does not require a new cell phone.' V, pp. Writing Revision: How to Fix Mistakes in Your Writing, AEPA English Language Arts (NT301): Practice & Study Guide, AEPA Middle Grades English Language Arts (NT201): Practice & Study Guide, Common Core ELA Grade 8 - Literature: Standards, 10th Grade English: Homework Help Resource, 11th Grade English: Homework Help Resource, Study.com ACT® Test Prep: Help and Review, Study.com ACT® Test Prep: Tutoring Solution, 11th Grade English Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, 12th Grade English Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, Common Core ELA Grade 7 - Speaking & Listening: Standards, Create an account to start this course today. So, there you have it - the four parts of an argument: claims, counterclaims, reasons, and evidence. 790, 795797. (b) How early in the speech does he introduce this claim? In the speech, Douglass makes a claim. 516517. The reasoning is about the cost of the death penalty, while the evidence is about racial disparities in the implementation of the death penalty. For radical critics, Americas betrayals of the ideals of liberty and equality for all are betrayals in the nations founding principles rather than betrayals of them. Douglass rejected the various white disintegrationists for obvious reasons, and he rejected the black variants too. IV, pp. IV, p. 436. In our example, you would need to give or cite some concrete evidence like, 'According to research, students with Internet access on their phones are more likely to make the Honor Roll.' He introduces this idea after his beginning steps in becoming educated and later reinforces it by providing extensive examples of his experience with; slave-masters, learning the alphabet, reading and writing, and the exposition of individual opinions in literature. A few of which include inequality, education, and Christianity as the keys to freedom in terms of its true values within the institution of slavery. Already a member? OR. Its my students first attempt at writing the argumentative essay. [42] Douglass, Northern Whigs and Democrats, July 7, 1848, in Life and Writings, Vol. He states This battle with Mr. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Using stories to illustrate each of his points, Douglass shows that black slaves only tell whites they are happy to avoid retribution, that they sing to mourn and lament their fate, and that owners who have gone to revival meetings and come back "converted" to Christianity feel even more emboldened to beat and mistreat their slaves, because it is Biblically sanctioned that slaves must obey their masters. Spirited and independent-minded by nature, Douglass could abide mentors only to a limited degree even as a young man. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you ALL Shopping Rod. The effect of abolishing slavery, without conferring equal rights, he contended, would be [to doom] the colored race to a condition indescribably wretched and the dreadful contagion of their vices and crimes would fly like cholera and small pox through all classes. The Belgian horse team, plus the faithful dog, _____ a fine addition to the parade. It is very difficult to see how the forward- and upward-looking labor required to achieve the ends of justice for all and black elevation in America is to be sustained amid a spreading sentiment of alienation from America. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? to confirm your understanding of the speech. Body--The body of a five-paragraph essay is three paragraphs. In 2016, slavery has become a distant memory. The most telling, the most killing, refutation of slavery, he wrote to Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1853, is the presentation of an industrious, enterprising, thrifty, and intelligent free black population. Ever confident in the power of virtue to dispel prejudice, Douglass affirmed in 1883 that the moral government of the universe is on our side. Ivo Silveira 8877, km. In Douglasss day, the forces of disintegration were represented by slaveholders, white supremacists, segregationists, colonizationists, and the more extreme partisans of state or regional sovereignty, and also by black emigrationists and other proponents of black nationalism in its own more extreme forms. Proponents of this skeptical view cite the persistence of racial segregation in neighborhoods and schools; the persistence of stark disparities between black and white Americans in various measures of social and economic well-being; and, most alarmingly, the deepening alienationthe nihilism, as Cornel West candidly named it[2]prevalent among many AfricanAmericans living in urban poverty. 380382. A fair-minded observer could scarcely deny that for many Americans, race still does matter. Profoundly aggrieved by that hell-black crime, Douglass yet struggled characteristically to find in it cause for hope. James M. Washington (New York: HarperCollins, 1986), pp. Although abolitionists including Douglass had assailed Lincoln for his seeming reluctance to strike at slavery, Douglass now conceded the superiority of Lincolns judgment: Had he put the abolition of slavery before the salvation of the Union, he would have inevitably driven from him a powerful class of the American people and rendered resistance to rebellion impossible. -he wishes he could present a speech that was positive for the people. Slavery was brought to America in the 1600s taking millions of Africans from West Africa. Douglass has been taught a few reading lessons form his mistress. Suppose that you are trying to get information from people who equivocate. After giving your reason, if your mom is anything like mine, she'll probably say, 'So?' Human nature cannot honor one who is helpless, Douglass had observed long before, but it is bound to respect those who display a forceful, virtuous self-reliance. Frederick Douglasss account on slavery could be seen as biased as a result of first hand experiences with being held as a slave. He also goes on to say a number of other things that basically establish that slaves live an easy and good life compared to others. He was appealing to the public to honor those victims claim for a slight measure of compensation in a fashion carefully tailored to their needs and to the deepest of the wrongs that they had suffered. 29 plumtrees road newtown, ct; popular subdivision names; how to cite the implicit association test In the opinion shared by Taney, Marshall, and many present-day professors, teachers, and students, the stain of racial exclusion suffuses both the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Latest answer posted September 30, 2016 at 3:50:30 PM. How might a group of people denounce a government policy? Evidence is usually some kind of research. Now you turnthe opposing point of view, evidence, and analysis back to support your thesis statement. We want [the voting right], Douglass explained in his most extended discussion of the question, because it is our right, first of all. Copyright 2009-2023 Pennington Publishing. How to Teach Essaysincludes 42 skill-based essay strategy worksheets (fillable PDFs and 62 Google slides), beginning with simple 3-word paragraphs and proceeding step-by-step to complex multi-paragraph essays. Soon enough after AfricanAmericans gained the vote, Douglass believed, the interests of white politicians and voters would overcome their prejudices; blacks would be courted by the leaders of all parties, and their rights and interests would be recognized in law and policy.[41]. So he labored on in those years, cherishing the memory of Lincoln in part for his own, personal reasons and calling his fellow citizens also to venerate the Great Emancipator that they might be bound ever more firmly to the great cause for which he and so many loyal citizens had died: to bring forth out of the terrible war a renewed nation, reconceived in liberty and rededicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. -his language is different, it proves hes educated, (b) How effective would it be for a modern audience? Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. V, pp. Passage of the bill would signify, he contended, at least a recognition of a great national duty towards a people to whom an immeasurable debt is due. Douglass labored throughout his postwar career to preserve and propagate this enlarged, moralized understanding among a war-weary loyalist population longing for reunion and a stable peace. Come what will, I hold it to be morally certain that, sooner or later, by fair means or foul means, in quiet or in tumultslavery is doomed to cease out of this otherwise goodly land, and liberty is destined to become the settled law of this Republic.[20]. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Addressing a womens rights convention in 1868, Douglass made the point simply and bluntly: If the elective franchise is not extended to the negro, he dieshe is exterminated.[39], Moreover, as the voting right was an imperative of justice, it was also, Douglass argued, a powerful agency for the cause of integration. Protagoras was a Greek philosopher who is widely considered the father of argument and debate. He cites literacy as a pathway to humanity and ultimately freedom, one which he ironically discovered when Mr. Auld made his feelings about black literacy known.

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