Forced compliance theory - Wikipedia Changes in attitude toward a specific, context-dependent topic, such as enjoyment of the mundane task in the experiment described above (Festinger & Carlsmith, 1959) Information seeking following a change in usual behavior (Engel, 1963) Which of the following is not one of the elements of effective persuasion? <> Scott, W. A. soc. Cognitive dissonance is when we experience conflicting thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes. 2. endobj The defendant was not very well spoken and came from a very poor background, but Sandy listened carefully to the evidence presented and made her decision based on that. (1984, August) Psychology Today, pp.40-45. Hoffer pointed out that, after the Nazis had started persecuting the Jews, it became easier for the average German citizen to hate the Jews. Sandy was using_______ processing. This illustrates, If Julie holds the specific attitude that smoking is bad and will likely have an adverse effect on her health, possibly causing lung cancer or emphysema, Julie is, more likely to match her behavior to her attitude by not smoking, When trying to persuade an audience, the message should. ---------------------References: When experimenters asked later for the truth, the highly paid subjects said the experiment was actually boring. In Asch's black line experiment, participants. These are: 1. When she gets up to play it at the recital in front of 100 people, she preforms it better than she ever has. Don't have time for it all now? In the other two conditions, however, the Ss told someone that these tasks were interesting and enjoyab1e. After you finish, the experimenter (Carlsmith) explains that the study concerns how expectations affect performance. When the participants were asked to evaluate the experiment, the participants who were paid only $1 rated the tedious task as more fun and enjoyable than the participants who were paid $20 to lie. As a rule, cognitive dissonance theory predicts that attitudes and behaviors will remain in synchrony. What happens to a person's private opinion if he is forced to do or say something contrary to that opinion? They will decide they wanted to do it anyway, or that maybe it was a good idea, in retrospect. What is the Sacrifice Trap? Let us think of the sum of all the dissonances involving some particular cognition as "D" and the sum of all the consonances as "C." Then we might [p. 204] think of the total magnitude of dissonance as being a function of "D" divided by "D" plus "C.". Evanston, IL: Row & Peterson Research on conformity suggests that if a _____ response is required, ______ show more conformity than ______. Or is there something more nuanced at play? This was rated in the same way as for the content before the remark. Festinger and Carlsmith had cleverly set up an opposition between behavioral theory, which was dominant in the 1950s, and Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory. He must be a genius." << You must turn off your ad blocker to use Psych Web; however, we are taking pains to keep advertising minimal and unobtrusive (one ad at the top of each page) so interference to your reading should be minimal. The first area is whether the tasks were interesting and enjoyable at all. The presence of others is especially important in influencing helping behavior when a situation is, Once someone has taken responsibility to help, the next step in the decision-making process is. /ImageB The______explanation of prejudice assumes that the same processes that help form other attitudes form prejudiced attitudes. Cognitive dissonance is one form of social comparison. 0000012870 00000 n The interviewer, of course, was always kept in complete ignorance of which condition the S was in. Why this might have been the case is, of course, not immediately apparent. Despite the seriousness of his message, the police officer jokes and laughs with the employees. x]#q/`aC+Khiflm( bc@'QV-a7:o1O7y?wo7.b7F^pZ{e>8_wonz&T=PJe~xw_}ba\ZXH%ll7qAa;;M?3)8T.Vw_G[H}FYc8svcf0w_~7],+g~aEo~}8/q'f. The area of the brain that is most involved in aggression is the ______. [1] The experiment reported here was done as part of a program of research supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation to the senior author. After the S agreed to do it, the E gave him the previously mentioned sheet of paper headed "For Group B" and asked him to read it through again. He was told again to use one band and to work at his own speed. An unpleasant psychological state often aroused when people hold two conflicting cognition. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In Festinger and Carlsmith's (1959) experiment in which they asked individuals to "lie" and tell the next participant how exciting the experiment turning knobs was, which group reported on a follow-up questionnaire the most satisfaction in their knob-turning experience?, The "A" in the "ABCs" of attitudes is, refer to beliefs and . Six chapters are new to this book; two are reprints of chapters . Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Martha doesn't want her young son to touch the heating stove. The difference between the One Dollar and Twenty Dollar conditions is significant at the .03 level (t = 2.22). One side argued that football was good for a university, the other side argued that it was harmful. 0000010779 00000 n Prejudice and discrimination are least likely to develop in which of the following situations? Typically the behavior is in the past, by the time the person feels dissonance, so the behavior cannot be changed. Lately she has noticed that she seems to play better when there are people watching her than which she is playing alone. In the study, undergraduate students of Introductory Psychology at Stanford University were asked to take part of a series of experiments. Some have already been discussed. Thus, with self-selection of who did and who did not make the required overt statement and with varying percentages of subjects in the different conditions who did make the requsted statement, no interpretation of the data can be unequivocal. As the E and the S started to walk to the office where the interviewer was, the E said: "Thanks very much for working on those tasks for us. e_@{:o>A~66O;_w0diF] S X'vk@*g%^?TIg.hi:l'z$-~ >,D tZ)+;=bz-{;(j;C+RC?2jyy.B{WqJx~CaV&+*N4h\2%5$rT `L#%rl2`8tl Ec_\kf"~BY So, to avoid dissonance, the person likes you. trailer In explaining our own behavior, we tend to use situational attributions rather than personal, which is, When prejudicial attitudes cause members of a particular social group to be treated differently than the others in situations that call for equal treatment, it is called. How Much They Learned From the Experiment. They present some evidence, which is not altogether conclusive, in support of this explanation. Like Explorable? The Social Comparison Theory was originally proposed by Leon Festinger in 1954. One would then expect no differences at all among the three conditions. The people with whom a person identifies most strongly are called the________. Now Lilly says that classic rock is her favorite music, too. Festinger, L. and Carlsmith, J. M. (1959). What are some practical implications of cognitive dissonance theory? First published in Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203-210. The importance of this announcement will become clear shortly. Which of the following does NOT represent an effective method for reducing prejudice? He doesn't run over to help her because he assumes there is probably someone else in the crowd who is a doctor or nurse and who can provide better assistance. Intro to Social psy chapter 4 Flashcards | Quizlet They were urged to cooperate in these interviews by being completely and honest. 0000000974 00000 n (1957) Attitude change through reward of verbal behavior. <> they shifted their attitudes and perceived the task as more enjoyable The difference between the One and Twenty Dollar conditions reaches the .08 level of significance on a two-tailed test (t = 1.79). /H [ 658 210 ] When members of a cult are trying to enlist a new recruit, they start by asking the recruit to make a small commitment, such as attending a short meeting or helping out at a social function. He then said: The E then took the S into the secretary's office where he had previously waited and where the next S was waiting. Procedure - Festinger and Carlsmith Study They were instructed to put spools onto and off the try with only one hand for half an hour, and then turn 48 square pegs clockwise for the next half hour. Only recently has there been any experimental work related to this question. The part of a person's self-concept that is based on his or her identification with a nation, culture, or ethnic group or with gender or other roles in society is called. Jane used ______ when receiving the officer's message. Would the subject have any desire to participate in another similar experiment? At the supermarket, a demonstrator gives away free samples of a new pizza. The subjects were divided into two groups, A and B, where Group A was provided no introduction regarding the tasks they will be performing and Group B was. This has many practical implications. Let us review these briefly: 1. A woman argues that it is morally wrong to kill animals for food becomes upset when she is asked to explain why she is wearing a leather belt and leather shoes. Rating scale -5 to +5, Did the experiment give the subject an opportunity to learn about their own abilities? Alex was most likely engaging in________. Psy 301: Social Psychology //document.getElementById('maincontent').style.display = 'none'; He also gives each taster a coupon worth $1 off his or her grocery bill. That is it. They were told that the study aims to evaluate these experiments to help them improve these in the future. PDF Cognitivd Complianc Es Consequence of Force E endobj The difference between the One Dollar condition and the Twenty Dollar condition (-.25) reaches only the .15 level of significance (t = 1.46). Maria agreed only to find out after agreeing that teaching such a course also meant that she would have to attend meetings of the honors professors, go to honors- oriented conventions, and take on special advising duties. Results of the experiment showed that even though the tasks were indeed boring and uninteresting, the unpaid control group rated the activity a negative 0.45 (-0.45). Festinger, L. & Carlsmith, J. M. (1959) Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. The theory was first introduced in his 1957 book A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance and further elaborated in the article Cognitive Consequences of Forced Compliance (Festinger and Carlsmith, 1959).

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